現在較常見的安眠藥主要是苯二氮平類藥物(Benzodiazepine, BZD),這類型的助眠藥物歷史悠久、效果出色、成本低,很受到醫師與失眠患者的歡迎。苯二氮平類藥物主要作用於腦中的GABA受體上,GABA是人體內自然生成的中樞神經抑制成分,具有助眠等功效,而BZD類藥物的功能便是調整腦內接收GABA的受體功能,促進GABA的作用,達到助眠、放鬆等目的。這類型的安眠藥直接作用在大腦,效果很好,但是另一方面,苯二氮平類的藥物吃了以後,容易產生成癮性,使人不吃安眠藥就睡不好,失眠的狀況反覆發作。因此,解決失眠的問題,務必找到失眠的成因,才能根本治療失眠,如果沒有找到病因對症下藥,不只睡眠的問題無法根本解決,反而會長期依賴安眠藥,從而造成藥物成癮的問題。
然而,安眠藥上癮的問題雖然嚴重,但可以解決的。簡單說,人體會需要安眠藥助眠,就是因為腦內的神經傳導物質不平衡,以及因壓力而長期過度作用的交感神經出現問題。因此,從根本解決失眠問題的方法,就是恢復這些神經傳導物質的平衡。所以在用藥上不能只使用安眠藥,還得依照個人體質不同使用輔助神經傳導物質生成的藥物才行,這才是治本的方法。
安眠藥有成癮問題
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